TWK10® Scientific Evidence

Comprehensive Scientific Evidence Behind TWK10®


For more than a decade, TWK10® has been investigated through peer-reviewed research, spanning mechanistic studies, preclinical models, and human clinical trials. Today, its scientific evidence extends across exercise performance, healthy aging, metabolic health, women's health, safety evaluation, and emerging therapeutic applications.


Exercise Performance, Muscle & Body Composition (9)

Endurance, fatigue, muscle and body composition, from mice to human trials.

  1. Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 supplementation improves exercise performance and increases muscle mass in mice. Nutrients, 2016.  doi.org/10.3390/nu8040205
  2. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on improving endurance performance in humans. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 2018.  doi.org/10.4077/CJP.2018.BAH587
  3. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise physiological adaptation, performance, and body composition in healthy humans. Nutrients, 2019.  doi.org/10.3390/nu11112836
  4. Investigation of the effects of microbiota on exercise physiological adaptation, performance, and energy utilization using a gnotobiotic animal model. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019.
  5. Proteome and microbiota analysis highlight Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 supplementation improves energy metabolism and exercise performance in mice. Food Science & Nutrition, 2020.  doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1635
  6. Different impacts of heat-killed and viable Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise performance, fatigue, body composition, and gut microbiota in humans. Microorganisms, 2022.  doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112181
  7. Effects of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise performance, fatigue, and muscle growth in healthy male adults. Physiological Reports, 2023.  doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15835
  8. Gut microbiota modulation and amino acid absorption with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 upon pea protein ingestion and resistance training in healthy adults. Current Research in Food Science, 2024.
  9. A comprehensive approach based on C. elegans, mouse, and human models elucidates the impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise performance and longevity. Current Research in Food Science, 2025.  doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2025.101015

 

Healthy Aging & Sarcopenia (3)

Muscle and strength in older adults, and aging models.

  1. Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 improves muscle mass and functional performance in frail older adults: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Microorganisms, 2021.  doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071466
  2. Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 attenuates aging-associated muscle weakness, bone loss, and cognitive impairment by modulating the gut microbiome in mice. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2021.  doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.708096
  3. Effect of a TWK10-containing food on muscle and body fat in healthy middle-aged and older Japanese adults. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2024. (EN title to confirm)

 

Metabolic Health, Body Weight & Gut (2)

Body weight, fat and gut-function outcomes in models.

  1. Evaluate and compare the anti-obesity effects of two probiotic preparations in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Journal of Functional Foods, 2024.
  2. Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 relieves loperamide-induced constipation in rats fed a high-fat diet via modulating enteric neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota. Food & Function, 2024.

 

Women's Health (1)

Body composition and cardiometabolic outcomes in women.

  1. Effects of probiotic supplementation with high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory endurance and metabolism in middle-aged obese women. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2024.

 

Reproductive Health (2)

Reproductive and cognitive outcomes in high-fat-diet obese male mice.

  1. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1008 enhances testicular function and spermatogenesis via modulation of gut microbiota in male mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Biology, 2024.
  2. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1008 promotes reproductive function and cognitive activity in aged male mice with high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Antioxidants, 2024.

 

Safety & Quality (2)

Genomic and toxicological safety characterisation.

  1. Safety assessment of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 based on whole-genome sequencing, phenotypic, and oral toxicity analysis. Microorganisms, 2022. [ANIMAL / CELL]  doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040784
  2. Safety assessment of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 — supplementary data. Microorganisms, 2022.

 

Other Applications (8)

TWK10-fermented soymilk and skin, oral, cardiovascular, wound and cognitive research.

  1. The effect of probiotic-fermented soy milk on enhancing the NO-mediated vascular relaxation factors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2012.
  2. Effects of the melanogenic inhibitor uracil, derived from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soy milk, on anti-melanogenesis in B16F0 mouse melanoma cells. Journal of Functional Foods, 2015.
  3. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soymilk on deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and associated dementia in rats. Nutrients, 2016.
  4. Effect of ethanol extract from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soymilk on wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AMB Express, 2019.
  5. Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soymilk improves cognitive function in type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020.
  6. Effects of germinated black soy milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on anti-oxidative and anti-melanogenesis. Applied Sciences, 2022.
  7. Exploration of the anti-photoaging mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 in a UVB-induced mouse model. Applied Sciences, 2024.
  8. Improved mechanism of the bioactive compounds isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soymilk in periodontal disease. Food & Function, 2025.